Wednesday, October 11, 2017

Chinese Verb Tenses 中文动词时态


·        Talk about daily activities or the activities one often does  一般时态
                       
Structure:  S+ V + (O)

Wǒ xǐhuān chī yú
    喜欢    吃鱼。
I like eating fish.

nǐ xǐhuān chī yú ma
  喜欢   吃鱼吗?
 Do you like fish?

Wǒ bù xǐhuān chī yú,  Wǒ xǐhuān niúròu
   不喜欢    吃鱼, 我   喜欢  牛肉。
I don’t like fish. I like beef.

Zhōngwén bān de xuéshēngmen chángchang gēn zhōngguó xuéshēng liànxí
中文                学生们          常常               中国       学生         练习
shuō Zhōngwén
    中文。
Students in Chinese class often practice speaking Chinese with Chinese students.

tāmen dōu shì liúxuéshēng?
他们    都是    留学生。
They are all study-abroad students.

Nǐmen xǐhuān lǚyóu ma
你们   喜欢    旅游吗?
Do you like travel?
wǒ měitiān qī diǎn qǐchuáng, bā diǎn qù shàngkè, shí'èr diǎn chī 
   每天   七点      起床,   八点       上课,  十二       
 I get up at seven every day,          go to class at eight,       have lunch at twelve,
wǔfàn, wǔ diǎn qù jiànshēnfáng, shí diǎn shuìjiào
午饭,五点        健身房,       十点     睡觉。
do exercise in the gym at five,            and go to bed at ten.

·     Talk about the past events  过去时
                     shíjiān                                        
Structure:  S+时间+V+O   or   
                                        le
                  S+ 时间+V+ + O     
                  S+时间+V+O +
                  S+时间+没有V+O   
                  S+时间++ adj.

wǒ qùnián qù le zhōngguó, chī le hěnduō dìdao de zhōngguó cài,                     
   去年   去了中国,       吃了  很多    地道    中国菜,      
yě rènshì le hěnduō  zhōngguó péngyou.
认识  很多      中国        朋友。
I went to China last year, had lots of authentic Chinese food, and also got to know many Chinese friends.

Nǐ zuótiān wǎnshàng qù jiànshēnfáng le ma
昨天      晚上         健身房      吗?
Did you go to the gym yesterday evening/last night?
Wǒ méiyǒu qù jiànshēnfáng, wǒ qù túshū guǎn kànshū le
  没有     去健身房,           图书馆     看书
I did not go to the gym, I went to the library.

Wǒ zuótiān shūfú, suǒyǐ méiyǒu lái shàngkè.
     昨天   不舒服,所以   没有   上课。
I was not well yesterday, so I did not come to class.

·        Talk about the activities one has (not) done before:
Structure: S+(刚刚+V+ +O.
                 S+ 没有还没有)+V+O.

Nǐ qùguò zhōngguó ma?
去过中国吗?
Have you been to China?

Méiyǒu, wǒ cónglái méiyǒu qùguò zhōngguó, dànshì wǒ qùguò rìběn,
没有,我从来没有去过中国,但是我去过日本,
No, I have never been to China, but I’ve been to Japan.
wǒ shàng gè yuè qù le rìběn. Wǒ yīgòng qùguò sāncì rìběn.
我 上  个 月 去了日本。我一共去过三次日本。
I went to Japan last month.   I’ve been to Japan three times.

Nǐ kànguò zhè bù diànyǐng ma    Méiyǒu
看过       电影      吗?   没有。
Have you seen this movie?   No, I have not.

·        Talk about what is going on正在进行的动作

Structure:  S+/正在/ +V+O         S+不是在 +V+O

xuéshēngmen zài gàn shénme
学生们               什么
What are the students doing?

Xuéshēngmen zài shàngkè
学生们            在上课
The students are having a class.
Wǒ dàojiā de shíhòu, wǒ māma zhèngzài zuò fàn, wǒ bàba zài kàn diànshì,
    到家  时候,我   妈妈  正在         做饭,我  爸爸    电视
wǒ dìdi zài dǎ diànhuà.
弟弟在打电话
When I got home, my mother was cooking, my father was watching TV, and my brother was talking on the phone.


Tāmen zài zuò shénme   Tāmen zài zuò yóuxì ma
他们     在做     什么?   他们    游戏吗?
What are they doing?  Are they playing a game?
Bù, tāmen búshì  zài zuò yóuxì,  tāmen zài shàng zhōngwén kè
不,他们  不是       游戏,他们            中文  课。
No, they are not playing a game, they are having a Chinese a class.

·        Talking about future activities 谈论将来的活动
                                yào  dǎsuàn jìhuà
Structure: S+ 时间+/ 打算 计划 + V+O.

      míngtiān
我们 明天 学第六课。
We will learn Lesson Six tomorrow.

Tā dǎsuàn zài shànghǎi mǎi yī tào fángzi
  打算        上海     一套    房子。
He plans to buy a house in Shanghai.

       míngtiān kāi                                                                              hòunián
你们明年      开中文课吗? 不,我们明年开中文课,后年 开。
Will you offer Chinese class next year?   No, we won’t offer Chinese class next year, but the year after next.

   kuàiyào   jiāngyào   jiùyào
S+快要/     将要/       就要+V+

Tiān kuàiyào xiàyǔ  le, wǒmen huí sùshè ba
     快要     下雨  ,我们      宿舍吧。
It is going to rain, let’s go back to the dorm.

Dōngtiān kuàiyào dào le
冬天        快要       
Winter is coming soon.

Wǒmen de xuéfèi míngnián jiāngyào shàngzhǎng
我们       学费   明年        将要        上涨
Our tuition will go up next year.


Friday, October 6, 2017

中文 1 主要动词 Key verbs in Chinese I

是       叫     爱   有   没有   姓    喜欢    想

吃      吃饭   喝       要    回       


问   回答    学   学习   看     听    说    读


写    上     会   开     打    做   坐     乘

睡觉   起床    复习    旅游

游泳    跑步    骑   买    卖

穿  穿上     脱   脱下   洗  

送   用   找   介绍   认识