Chinese Verb Tenses 中文动词时态

·        Talk about daily activities or the activities one often does  一般时态

                       

Structure:  S+ V + (O)

Wǒ xǐhuān chī yú

我    喜欢    吃鱼。

I like eating fish.

nǐ xǐhuān chī yú ma

你  喜欢   吃鱼吗？

 Do you like fish?

Wǒ bù xǐhuān chī yú,  Wǒ xǐhuān niúròu

我   不喜欢    吃鱼， 我   喜欢  牛肉。

I don’t like fish. I like beef.

Zhōngwén bān de xuéshēngmen chángchang gēn zhōngguó xuéshēng liànxí

中文           班  的   学生们          常常            跟   中国       学生         练习

shuō Zhōngwén

说    中文。

Students in Chinese class often practice speaking Chinese with Chinese students.

tāmen dōu shì liúxuéshēng?

他们    都是    留学生。

They are all study-abroad students.

Nǐmen xǐhuān lǚyóu ma
你们   喜欢    旅游吗？

Do you like travel?

wǒ měitiān qī diǎn qǐchuáng, bā diǎn qù shàngkè, shí'èr diǎn chī 

我   每天   七点      起床，   八点    去   上课，  十二  点    吃 

 I get up at seven every day,          go to class at eight,       have lunch at twelve,

wǔfàn, wǔ diǎn qù jiànshēnfáng, shí diǎn shuìjiào

午饭，五点     去   健身房，       十点     睡觉。

do exercise in the gym at five,            and go to bed at ten.

·     Talk about the past events  过去时

                     shíjiān                                        

Structure:  S+时间+V+O   or   

                                        le

                  S+ 时间+V+ 了 + O     

                  S+时间+V+O +了

                  S+时间+没有V+O   

                  S+时间+不+ adj.

wǒ qùnián qù le zhōngguó, chī le hěnduō dìdao de zhōngguó cài,                     

我   去年   去了中国，       吃了  很多    地道  的  中国菜，      

yě rènshì le hěnduō  zhōngguó péngyou.

也认识  了很多      中国        朋友。

I went to China last year, had lots of authentic Chinese food, and also got to know many Chinese friends.

Nǐ zuótiān wǎnshàng qù jiànshēnfáng le ma
你 昨天      晚上       去  健身房      了吗？

Did you go to the gym yesterday evening/last night?

Wǒ méiyǒu qù jiànshēnfáng, wǒ qù túshū guǎn kànshū le

我  没有     去健身房，         我  去 图书馆     看书了。

I did not go to the gym, I went to the library.

Wǒ zuótiān bù shūfú, suǒyǐ méiyǒu lái shàngkè.

我     昨天   不舒服，所以   没有   来上课。

I was not well yesterday, so I did not come to class.

·        Talk about the activities one has (not) done before:

Structure: S+（刚刚）+V+ 过 +O.

                 S+ 没有（还没有）+V+O.

Nǐ qùguò zhōngguó ma?

你去过中国吗？

Have you been to China?

Méiyǒu, wǒ cónglái méiyǒu qùguò zhōngguó, dànshì wǒ qùguò rìběn,

没有，我从来没有去过中国，但是我去过日本，

No, I have never been to China, but I’ve been to Japan.

wǒ shàng gè yuè qù le rìběn. Wǒ yīgòng qùguò sāncì rìběn.

我 上  个 月 去了日本。我一共去过三次日本。

I went to Japan last month.   I’ve been to Japan three times.

Nǐ kànguò zhè bù diànyǐng ma    Méiyǒu

你 看过     这  部 电影      吗？   没有。

Have you seen this movie?   No, I have not.

·        Talk about what is going on正在进行的动作

Structure:  S+在/正在/正 +V+O         S+不是在 +V+O

xuéshēngmen zài gàn shénme
学生们           在  干  什么？

What are the students doing?

Xuéshēngmen zài shàngkè
学生们            在上课。

The students are having a class.

Wǒ dàojiā de shíhòu, wǒ māma zhèngzài zuò fàn, wǒ bàba zài kàn diànshì,

我    到家  的 时候，我   妈妈  正在         做饭，我  爸爸在 看   电视，

wǒ dìdi zài dǎ diànhuà.
我 弟弟在打电话。

When I got home, my mother was cooking, my father was watching TV, and my brother was talking on the phone.

Tāmen zài zuò shénme   Tāmen zài zuò yóuxì ma

他们     在做     什么？   他们 在   做游戏吗？

What are they doing?  Are they playing a game?

Bù, tāmen búshì  zài zuò yóuxì,  tāmen zài shàng zhōngwén kè

不，他们  不是   在 做    游戏，他们  在  上        中文  课。

No, they are not playing a game, they are having a Chinese a class.

·        Talking about future activities 谈论将来的活动

                                yào  dǎsuàn jìhuà

Structure: S+ 时间+要/ 打算 /  计划 + V+O.

      míngtiān

我们 明天 学第六课。

We will learn Lesson Six tomorrow.

Tā dǎsuàn zài shànghǎi mǎi yī tào fángzi

他  打算    在    上海     买一套    房子。

He plans to buy a house in Shanghai.

       míngtiān kāi                                                                              hòunián

你们明年      开中文课吗？ 不，我们明年不开中文课，后年 开。

Will you offer Chinese class next year?   No, we won’t offer Chinese class next year, but the year after next.

   kuàiyào   jiāngyào   jiùyào

S+快要/     将要/       就要+V+了

Tiān kuàiyào xiàyǔ  le, wǒmen huí sùshè ba

天     快要     下雨  了，我们   回   宿舍吧。

It is going to rain, let’s go back to the dorm.

Dōngtiān kuàiyào dào le

冬天        快要     到   了。

Winter is coming soon.

Wǒmen de xuéfèi míngnián jiāngyào shàngzhǎng

我们      的 学费   明年        将要        上涨。

Our tuition will go up next year.

中文 1 主要动词 Key verbs in Chinese I

是       叫     爱   有   没有   姓    喜欢    想

吃      吃饭   喝    去   要    回       


问   回答    学   学习   看     听    说    读


写    上     会   开     打    做   坐     乘

睡觉   起床    复习    旅游

游泳    跑步    骑   买    卖

穿  穿上     脱   脱下   洗  

送   用   找   介绍   认识 

Biblical words/phrases

       Yēsū shì zhǔ 
   1. 耶稣 是主。

      shàngdì ài wǒmen 
  2. 上帝    爱  我们。

  Wǒ xiāngxìn Yēsū shì shén
3.我   相信       耶稣 是  神。

  Yēhéhuá chuàngzào tiāndì
4.耶和华     创造        天地。

                                              
 jī dū              jīdūtú

  5. 基督           基督徒

         shízìjià

 6.十字架

7.    shàngdì bǎoyòu nǐ

上帝      保佑   你。

8.    zhǔ yù nǐ tóngzài

主   与 你 同在。

9.    zànměi zhǔ

赞美    主。    
                                                                     

10.  jiàotáng jìngbài  

  教堂      敬拜

11.     mùshī    zhǎnglǎo

  牧师       长老

12.      jìngwèi yēhéhuá shì zhìhuì de kāiduān

             敬畏    耶和华  是   智慧  的  开端。 （箴言 9:10）

13.     Yēhéhuá jiàodǎo wǒmen yào àirén rú jǐ

  耶和华    教导    我们     要   爱人如己。

14.    shǐtú xìn jīng

     使徒 信  经

 Wǒ xìn shàngdi, quánnéng de fù, chuàngzào tiāndì de zhǔ

  我  信  上帝，     全能      的父，创造         天地  的主；

 wǒ xìn wǒ zhǔ yēsū jīdū,   shàngdi dúshēng de zǐ

 我 信   我   主  耶稣基督，上帝    独生     的 子；

 yīn shènglíng gǎnyùn, yóu tóngzhēnnǚ Mǎlìyǎ suǒshēng  

 因    圣灵       感孕,     由    童贞女      玛利亚  所生；

 zài běndiū bǐlāduō shǒuxià shòunàn

 在  本丢    比拉多   手下   受难，

 bèi dìng yú shízìjià, shòu sǐ, máizàng

 被   钉   于十字架，受死，埋葬；

 jiàng zài yīnjiān, dì sān tiān cóng sǐrén zhōng fùhuó

 降    在    阴间，第 三 天    从     死人中      复活；

 shēngtiān, zuò zài quánnéng fù shàngdi de yòubiān

 升天，      坐   在  全能       父   上帝   的  右边；

 jiānglái bì cóng nàli jiànglín, shěnpàn huórén sǐrén

 将来     必 从   那里 降临,     审判       活人   死人。

 wǒ xìn shènglíng

 我  信   圣灵；

 wǒ xìn shèng ér gōng zhī jiàohuì

 我  信    圣   而   公    之  教会；

 wǒ xìn shèngtú xiāngtōng

 我  信    圣徒     相通；

 wǒ xìn zuì dé shèmiǎn

 我  信   罪 得  赦免；

 wǒ xìn shēntǐ fùhuó

 我  信   身体  复活；

 wǒ xìn yǒngshēng     ā mén

 我  信    永生。        阿门

汉字笔顺笔画演示Chinese character stroke order demonstration

http://bishun.strokeorder.info/mandarin.php?q=%E4%BD%A0

Pinyin-Writing the Sound

http://www.chinasource.org/resource-library/from-the-west-courtyard/pinyin-writing-the-sound

10 Tips For Learning A Foreign Language

By Maya Johnson on April 14, 2013

I've always enjoyed Italian opera and their cuisine as well as culture Dante Alighieri to Umberto Eco which caused me to create this article on 10 tips for learning a foreign language.  This is why I decided to sit down andlearn a new language. I made many mistakes, but I also got some very useful tips on learning a new language that I would like to share with you. These tips can be applied to most western languages. So here they are.

1      Spend a good deal of time on pronunciation

This is where most people get it wrong, and even though they become proficient in a foreign language they still sound weird to the natives. You will look like a fool and it will be a bit weird, but learning to pronounce the words correctly and hit the right intonation. Audio books are a great help, but you will need to spend a few hours a day repeating the same words over and over, so be prepared.

2      Open the dictionary and learn the most important words

Most textbooks are pretty useless at teaching you conversation skills – I mean who cares about Mario’s trip to the library or Antonia’s adventure at the doctor’s office. Find the things that you would actually like to ask someone about, or the simple little things you come across every day. You can write down some of the most common phrases as well, and practice them every day.

3      Focus on basic grammar

Your grasp of the basic grammar rules will mean the difference between sounding normal and sounding like an alien. Learning when and how to use the appropriate tenses will save you a lot of trouble, and combined with the most important words and phrases will help you string together coherent sentences and express yourself. 

4      Start off slow, don’t do too much in one day

You can cover half the grammar textbook in one day, but you won’t retain any of the information – it’s like reading a hundred jokes one day and then not being able remember a single one when your friends ask you to tell them a joke the next day. Devote 2-4 hours a day on a few pages, a few words and phrases and then take a break to let it all sink in.

5      At the beginning of each session revise the previous lesson

Don’t be too eager to jump to new lessons, take some 10-20 minutes at the beginning of every session to recap the previous session. At the end of every session incorporate the new material with all the things you have learned previously and try to use it in few sentences about a particular subject.

6      Speak to a friend in a foreign language about things relevant to real life

It doesn’t matter if your friend doesn’t speak the language. When I was learning Italian I would have short conversations with a friend – he would ask me something in English and I would try to answer in Italian. You need to practice putting your thoughts to words and utilizing proper sentence structure. Devote at least half an hour a day to this little exercise.

7      Movies and YouTube clips are a great way to learn conversation skills

You don’t get too much slang or different accents in official language courses. Once you start watching movies, TV shows and YouTube clips in a foreign language you can pick up a lot of the fine nuisances. Just be patient, a lot of western languages, especially the romance languages like Italian, tend to be spoken at quite a remarkable speed as the syllables flow easily of the tongue and the people generally have a stronger temperament.

8      Use social networks to find people from that country

The best thing is to have a friend, or several friends who are fluent in the language you want to learn – this way you will be constantly exposed to it. The next best thing is finding a friend from that country online and have a chat with them from time to time. This can be a fun way to learn a few things about the culture as well. 

9      Start reading a book in that language/translate something into that language

This technique is a bit more advanced, so make sure you have all the basics covered before moving on to this step. It is a great way to get some deeper insight into the language you are learning and will require a lot of patience and focus, but it will put your knowledge and skills to the test. Reading a book will mean frequent breaks and dictionary searches, and translating will be very taxing – you won’t be able to do more than 2-3 pages in a sitting when you first begin.

10   Take a trip to the country to hear the language spoken in its natural environment

The ultimate learning tool is submerging yourself in the culture, language and being forced to use the language every second of the day to communicate with people and get things done. I would advise at least 6 months of home study before going on a trip abroad to get the best results, attempting this if you don’t speak a single word of the language can be frustrating and contra productive.

These are the best tips I can give you based on my own experiences with learning Italian, a lovely, melodic language. The best thing about European languages is that every language you learn has something in common with another language (or several) so each subsequent language will be easier to pick up. 

Retrieved from http://www.howtolearn.com/2013/04/10-tips-learning-foreign-language/

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